烟酸及其衍生物：从传统营养素到肿瘤防治的新认识

烟酸属于B族维生素，是人体必需的维生素之一。过去对烟酸功能的认知主要停留在营养素层面，如参与维持神经功能、促进代谢和发育、保护心脑血管等。随着研究的不断深入，近年来已有多项研究表明，烟酸及其衍生物能起到预防和辅助治疗癌症的作用。烟酸及其衍生物不仅影响肿瘤细胞的生物学功能、参与免疫调节，还能对烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶（NAMPT）抑制剂的抗肿瘤疗效起到辅助作用，并以多聚ADP-核糖聚合酶（PARP）依赖方式通过多种分子途径维持基因组的稳定性。本文总结了烟酸及其衍生物在肿瘤中作用的研究脉络和最新进展，并展望其进一步研究和应用方向，对烟酸及其衍生物在肿瘤综合防治中的应用有一定的指导作用。     

烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶信号通路在心血管疾病中的作用

【摘要】 有关烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶（Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase，NAMPT）的研究是近年的热点之一。NAMPT在体内有两种存在形式，细胞内NAMPT和细胞外NAMPT。细胞内NAMPT主要作为一种合成烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide，NAD）补救途径的限速酶，而细胞外NAMPT同时具有多种细胞因子的功能。大量研究表明，NAMPT控制了NAD的生物合成及下游分子NAD依赖的组蛋白去乙酰化酶沉默信息调节因子1（Sirtuin 1，SIRT1）的活性，在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、肿瘤、衰老和代谢中均有重要作用。本文对NAMPT的基因结构、蛋白特征以及在心血管疾病中的作用进行了综述，重点阐述了NAMPT与心肌缺血、动脉粥样硬化、心力衰竭三方面的关系。     

Role of adipokines (omentin and visfatin) in coronary artery disease

AimsAdipose tissue is considered as an endocrine organ that releases bioactive factors known as adipokines which contribute to the pathogenesis of rotundity-linked metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Rotundity is a major predisposer for the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD).Data synthesisThe literature survey from various databases such as Pubmed/Medline, DOAJ, Scopus, Clarivate analytics/Web of Science and Google Scholar were used to prepare this article. The epidemic of rotundity has gained significant attention to understand the biology of adipocytes and the metabolism of adipose tissue in obese individuals. In CAD, visfatin/NAMPT was primarily indicated as a clinical marker of atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and vascular injury having a prognostic significance. Visfatin/NAMPT is a factor that promotes vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Omentin is an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic adipokine regulating cardiovascular functions.ConclusionsThis review highlights and summarizes the scientific information pertaining to the role of the adipokines - omentin and visfatin in CAD.